CompTIA Security+ Question J-80

Digital Signatures provide which of the following?

A. Confidentiality
B. Authorization
C. Integrity
D. Authentication
E. Availability

Answer: C

Explanation:
A digital signature is similar in function to a standard signature on a document. It validates the integrity of the message and the sender.

CompTIA Security+ Question J-79

Peter, the system administrator, has been asked to calculate the Annual Loss Expectancy (ALE) for a $5,000 server, which often crashes. In the past year, the server has crashed 10 times, requiring a system reboot to recover with only 10% loss of data or function. Which of the following is the ALE of this server?

A. $500
B. $5,000
C. $25,000
D. $50,000

Answer: B

Explanation:
SLE Ă— ARO = ALE, where SLE is equal to asset value (AV) times exposure factor (EF); and ARO is the annualized rate of occurrence. (5000 x 10) x 0.1 = 5000

CompTIA Security+ Question J-78

Which of the following MOST interferes with network-based detection techniques?

A. Mime-encoding
B. SSL
C. FTP
D. Anonymous email accounts

Answer: B

Explanation:
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is used to establish secure TCP communication between two machines by encrypting the communication. Encrypted communications cannot easily be inspected for anomalies by network-based intrusion detection systems (NIDS).

CompTIA Security+ Question J-77

Which of the following is a management control?

A. Logon banners
B. Written security policy
C. SYN attack prevention
D. Access Control List (ACL)

Answer: B

Explanation:
Management control types include risk assessment, planning, systems and Services Acquisition as well as Certification, Accreditation and Security Assessment; and written security policy falls in this category.

CompTIA Security+ Question J-76

Peter, a security administrator, believes that a network breach has occurred in the datacenter as a result of a misconfigured router access list, allowing outside access to an SSH server. Which of the following should Peter search for in the log files?

A. Failed authentication attempts
B. Network ping sweeps
C. Host port scans
D. Connections to port 22

Answer: D

Explanation:
Log analysis is the art and science of reviewing audit trails, log files, or other forms of computer-generated records for evidence of policy violations, malicious events, downtimes, bottlenecks, or other issues of concern. SSH uses TCP port 22. All protocols encrypted by SSH also use TCP port 22, such as SFTP, SHTTP, SCP, SExec, and slogin.

CompTIA Security+ Question J-74

After a recent security breach, the network administrator has been tasked to update and backup all router and switch configurations. The security administrator has been tasked to enforce stricter security policies. All users were forced to undergo additional user awareness training. All of these actions are due to which of the following types of risk mitigation strategies?

A. Change management
B. Implementing policies to prevent data loss
C. User rights and permissions review
D. Lessons learned

Answer: D

Explanation:
Incident response procedures involves: Preparation; Incident identification; Escalation and notification; Mitigation steps; Lessons learned; Reporting; Recover/reconstitution procedures; First responder; Incident isolation (Quarantine; Device removal); Data breach; Damage and loss control. Described in the question is a situation where a security breach had occurred and its response which shows that lessons have been learned and used to put in place measures that will prevent any future security breaches of the same kind.

CompTIA Security+ Question J-73

A system administrator wants to confidentially send a user name and password list to an individual outside the company without the information being detected by security controls. Which of the following would BEST meet this security goal?

A. Digital signatures
B. Hashing
C. Full-disk encryption
D. Steganography

Answer: D

Explanation:
Steganography is the process of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video. Note: The advantage of steganography over cryptography alone is that the intended secret message does not attract attention to itself as an object of scrutiny. Plainly visible encrypted messages, no matter how unbreakable will arouse interest, and may in themselves be incriminating in countries where encryption is illegal. Thus, whereas cryptography is the practice of protecting the contents of a message alone, steganography is concerned with concealing the fact that a secret message is being sent, as well as concealing the contents of the message.

CompTIA Security+ Question J-72

Which of the following types of technologies is used by security and research personnel for identification and analysis of new security threats in a networked environment by using false data/hosts for information collection?

A. Honeynet
B. Vulnerability scanner
C. Port scanner
D. Protocol analyzer

Answer: A

Explanation:
A honeynet is a network set up with intentional vulnerabilities; its purpose is to invite attack, so that an attacker’s activities and methods can be studied and that information used to increase network security. A honeynet contains one or more honey pots, which are computer systems on the Internet expressly set up to attract and “trap” people who attempt to penetrate other people’s computer systems. Although the primary purpose of a honeynet is to gather information about attackers’ methods and motives, the decoy network can benefit its operator in other ways, for example by diverting attackers from a real network and its resources. The Honeynet Project, a non-profit research organization dedicated to computer security and information sharing, actively promotes the deployment of honeynets. In addition to the honey pots, a honeynet usually has real applications and services so that it seems like a normal network and a worthwhile target. However, because the honeynet doesn’t actually serve any authorized users, any attempt to contact the network from without is likely an illicit attempt to breach its security, and any outbound activity is likely evidence that a system has been compromised. For this reason, the suspect information is much more apparent than it would be in an actual network, where it would have to be found amidst all the legitimate network data. Applications within a honeynet are often given names such as “Finances” or “Human Services” to make them sound appealing to the attacker.

CompTIA Security+ Question J-71

Which of the following protocols encapsulates an IP packet with an additional IP header?

A. SFTP
B. IPSec
C. HTTPS
D. SSL

Answer: B

Explanation:
Authentication Header (AH) is a member of the IPsec protocol suite. AH operates directly on top of IP, using IP protocol number 51.